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Abstract
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for Indonesian futsal student-athletes within the framework of Self-Determination Theory. A cross-cultural psychometric adaptation process was conducted, including translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert judgment, and field testing. Data were collected from 61 student-athletes, and content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V, yielding a strong result (V = 0.85). The IMI demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.869) and significant interdimensional correlations, such as between perceived competence and enjoyment-interest (r = 0.516, p < .001). The mean intrinsic motivation score (M = 75.84) indicated a moderately high level of motivation among participants. These findings confirm that the adapted IMI is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring intrinsic motivation among futsal athletes in Indonesia. Theoretically, the study supports Self-Determination Theory in a team-sport context, and practically, it provides a culturally relevant tool for coaches and sport psychologists to assess and enhance athlete motivation.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Yusuf Akbar Syahrinda, Juriana Juriana, Deasyanti Deasyanti, Anna Armeini Rangkuti
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References
- Aiken, L, R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of Ratings. SAGE Social Science Collections. 131-142.
- Arifin, Z., & Wahyudi, H. (n.d.). Ragam Motivasi Atlet dalam Berprestasi Olahraga.
- Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W.
- J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137–164). Sage Publications.
- Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, andneed strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 46(2), 167–188.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
- Evans, M. B., Eys, M. A., & Bruner, M. W. (2013). Seeing the “we” in “me” sports: The need to consider individual sport team environments. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie anadienne, 54(4), 301–308.
- Gillet, N., Vallerand, R. J., Amoura, S., & Baldes, B. (2013). Influence of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 592–600.
- He, J., Van de Vijver, F. J., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2022). Cross-cultural assessment of psychological constructs: Challenges and recommendations. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 389–415.
- Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Bureau, J. S. (2021). Testing a continuum structure of self-determined motivation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 147(8), 762–797.
- McAuley, E. D., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1989.10 607413
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self- determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101-860.
- Sari, N., & Pradana, D. (2021). Validation of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in Indonesian athletes: A preliminary study. Indonesian Journal of Sport Psychology, 3(2), 55–64.
- Suwartono, C. (2023). Memajukan Psikologi di Indonesia: Dari Adaptasi Alat Ukur sampai Membuat Alat Ukur.
- Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (2021). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(3), 205–222.
- Weinberg, R., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology (8th ed.). Human Kinetics.
- Zuber, C., Conzelmann, A., & Zibung, M. (2020). Psychological predictors of performance and career progression in young elite athletes: A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 614-673.
References
Aiken, L, R. (1985). Three Coefficients for Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of Ratings. SAGE Social Science Collections. 131-142.
Arifin, Z., & Wahyudi, H. (n.d.). Ragam Motivasi Atlet dalam Berprestasi Olahraga.
Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W.
J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137–164). Sage Publications.
Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, andneed strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 46(2), 167–188.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Evans, M. B., Eys, M. A., & Bruner, M. W. (2013). Seeing the “we” in “me” sports: The need to consider individual sport team environments. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie anadienne, 54(4), 301–308.
Gillet, N., Vallerand, R. J., Amoura, S., & Baldes, B. (2013). Influence of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 592–600.
He, J., Van de Vijver, F. J., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2022). Cross-cultural assessment of psychological constructs: Challenges and recommendations. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 389–415.
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Bureau, J. S. (2021). Testing a continuum structure of self-determined motivation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 147(8), 762–797.
McAuley, E. D., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1989.10 607413
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self- determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101-860.
Sari, N., & Pradana, D. (2021). Validation of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in Indonesian athletes: A preliminary study. Indonesian Journal of Sport Psychology, 3(2), 55–64.
Suwartono, C. (2023). Memajukan Psikologi di Indonesia: Dari Adaptasi Alat Ukur sampai Membuat Alat Ukur.
Vallerand, R. J., & Losier, G. F. (2021). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(3), 205–222.
Weinberg, R., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology (8th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Zuber, C., Conzelmann, A., & Zibung, M. (2020). Psychological predictors of performance and career progression in young elite athletes: A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 614-673.
